| Ancash
Region
Ancash is a region located in northern
Peru. It is bordered by the La Libertad region on the north, the
Huánuco and Pasco regions on the east, the Lima region on
the south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. Its capital is the
city of Huaraz and its largest city and port is Chimbote. The name
of the region originates from the Quechua word anqash, which means
blue.
History
Between the years 400 and 600 BC,
the first Peruvian civilization, known as Chavín, originated
and flourished in this zone. The importance of this culture does
not only lie in its antiquity, but also in its shared history and
culture found in other cultures along the Andean and Amazonian territories.
As famed archaeologist Julio C. Tello put it, "Chavín
was the mother of all the cultures that later bloomed in the old
Peru." The name Chavín originates from the Quechua word
Chaupin which translates as center or headquarters. Tello believed
that people came from the Amazonas, scaled the Andes, and developed
the Chavín culture.
During the Inca age, the population of the Santa valley was assimilated
into the Inca empire by Pachacuti.
The first Spaniards came to Huaylas attracted by the fame of the
silver veins of the region. But the Native Americans' quest for
silver and gold provoked the Spanish to destroy the Inca cities.
It was during this time that Jeronimo de Alvarado founded the city
of Huaraz. Though in the Colonial Age, this city held little importance
and its artistic and cultural life did not have much relevance,
it became the headquarters for Simón Bolívar during
his campaign to liberate Peru.
The 1970 Ancash earthquake devastated the region, killing more than
50,000 people and damaging 186,000 houses in one of the deadliest
natural disasters in Peru. Today, most of the Ancash population
is concentrated in the Callejón de Huaylas.
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